Cossacks Oil Painting by Jewish Painter Max Schnitman (to be researched)
Dated 1852 (?)
俄國哥薩克油畫 (待考)
Cossacks
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History of the Cossacks
Colonisation of Siberia · Khmelnytsky Uprising · Treaty of Hadiach · Bulavin Rebellion · Pugachev's Rebellion · 1st Cavalry Army · Decossackization · Betrayal of the Cossacks · XVth SS Cossack Cavalry Corps · 1st Cossack Division
Famous Cossacks
Andrei Shkuro · Bohdan Khmelnytsky · Ivan Mazepa · Ivan Sirko · Pyotr Krasnov . Stenka Razin · Yemelyan Pugachev · Yermak Timofeyevich
Cossack terms
Ataman · Hetman · Papakha · Plastun · Shashka · Stanitsa
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The Cossacks Ukrainian: ???????, Kozaky, (Russian: ???????, Kazaki; Polish: Kozacy) are a traditional community of militant people living in the southern steppe regions of Eastern Europe (primarily Ukraine and southern Russia) and later Asian Russia. They are famous for their self-reliance and military skills, particularly horsemanship. "Cossack" may also refer to a member of a Cossack military unit.
Different Cossack groups are identified with different hosts, or regions. The Cossacks of the Zaporozhian, Don, Terek and Ural hosts, as well as areas of Siberia (such as the Baikal Cossacks) are the best known. Cossacks first became widely known in western Europe in the mid-17th century as a result of the great revolt of Bohdan Khmelnytsky and the Zaporozhians against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in what is now Ukraine, which shook the geopolitical foundations of eastern Europe.
Their numbers grew during late medieval times, joined by numerous Russian and Ruthenian serfs fleeing from their owners. Eventually Cossacks became guardians of ethnic and state boundaries. In the 18th and 19th centuries Cossacks in Europe became known for the numerous wars with Russia and contributed to the stereotypical portrayal of Russia
Cossacks served in the Russian regular army in various wars throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. During the Russian Civil War they fought for both the Red Army and White Army. The Don Cossack Host were one of the main military forces resisting the Bolsheviks. Cossack military regiments were, however, reformed prior to the World War II. Currently in Russia, Cossacks are seen as either ethnic descendants or by their active military service and often both. The latter category was listed as a separate group in the census and there are currently up to 150,000 Cossacks in military service in Russia and up to several million descendants aware of their Cossack heritage, which is now experiencing a revival, particularly in the south of Russia.
哥薩克
維琪百科，自由的百科全書
哥薩克是歷史上俄羅斯、烏克蘭等地的一些人群的總稱。哥薩克最初是指一些半獨立的韃靼人部落，以種地打獵，與打劫為生。
13世紀開始，一些斯拉夫人為了逃避蒙古帝國中欽察汗國的統治而流落到俄羅斯南部地區，包括頓河流域、第聶伯河下游和伏爾加河流域。15、16世紀時，一些不願忍受地主、貴族壓榨的俄羅斯、烏克蘭農民遷徙到由於欽察汗國被推翻之後的俄南地區。這些人被稱為“哥薩克”，即突厥語中的“自由人”。哥薩克人在俄南建立了一些地方政權。
哥薩克人以英勇善戰著稱。在俄羅斯歷史上，沙皇通過收買哥薩克上層人物而控制哥薩克人。哥薩克人組成的騎兵，是沙俄的重要武力。十月革命之後，哥薩克人少數參加布爾什維克政府的蘇聯紅軍，多數參加反政府的白軍。第二次世界大戰期間，哥薩克騎兵發揮了重要作用，同時也有一些人趁機反叛蘇聯的統治。
今天的哥薩克人不被認為是一個民族，居住在俄羅斯、烏克蘭等地，但他們是一個保持傳統的人群共同體。2005年，俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾·普京提出《關於俄羅斯哥薩克人的國家義務》議案，保護哥薩克人的傳統。
蘇聯作家肖洛霍夫的長篇小說《靜靜的頓河》描述了十月革命前後頓河哥薩克的生活。
Some information about the Painter
Max Schnitman Memorial Exhibition
American Jewish Artist Club
Congregation B'nai Tikvah
1558 Wilmot RoadDeerfield, Illinois
April 29, 1998 - June 1, 1998
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